ผู้เขียน หัวข้อ: Country Fact around the world  (อ่าน 122 ครั้ง)

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Re: Country Fact around the world
« ตอบกลับ #2 เมื่อ: วันที่ 27 ตุลาคม 2024, 05:50:07 น. »
Finding Travel Insurance After A Cancer Diagnosis
For people suffering from cancer and other serious conditions, finding adequate travel insurance can be tricky. But help is at hand from specialist companies providing great cover at reasonable cost

Finding suitable travel insurance after a cancer diagnosis can be fraught with problems. The premiums quoted online often cost more than the holiday or else any claim relating to the cancer is excluded.

Action is underway that should lead to better levels of insurance and more reasonable prices for those with medical conditions. But in the meantime consumers must know where to look to avoid buying inadequate cover.

All insurers and comparison websites will soon be required to signpost consumers with preexisting conditions to specialist travel insurers, whether they have offered them a quote for cover or not. It follows an investigation into this market by the regulator - the Financial Conduct Authority.

Andrew Williams, business development manager for specialist travel insurer Free Spirit, says: "The FCA is in discussions with insurers, and changes should be coming soon, which is great news for anyone with cancer or any other serious condition who has struggled to find insurance. Cover is out there for people in this situation but it can be difficult to know how to get it."

A recent survey by consumer group Which? found that when consumers with pre-existing medical conditions apply for travel insurance, around one in five are only offered cover that excludes claims arising from their condition and one in four faced inflated premiums.

"Research by Which? highlights the importance of speaking to a specialist broker or insurer when you have cancer or other medical condition," says Sarah Page, brand manager for specialist insurer Insurancewith. “Not everyone's situation is going to fit neatly into the tick boxes on a screen when applying for cover."

Ms Page adds: “At Insurancewith we can offer one-to-one medical underwriting and policies tailored to your specific needs so the price more accurately reflects the risk. This usually makes it much more affordable, particularly for someone with cancer.”

The type of cancer you have, its stage, your treatment and your medication will all affect the premium, as will your age - with older consumers typically having to pay more, as statistically they are more likely to claim.

Your choice of destination and the duration of the trip will also have a bearing on the cost. This is because the cost of healthcare in different countries varies widely. In Spain, for example, tourists will often be directed to private clinics when they need medical attention - this can vastly inflate the cost of a claim, compared to state-funded healthcare. Healthcare in the US and Australia, for example, can also be expensive.

The delay to Brexit means holidaymakers to European Union countries can continue to use the European Health Insurance Card (known as EHIC) for now - although future arrangements are unclear. EHIC entitles you to emergency state healthcare in EU countries. But consumers should not rely on this as an alternative to travel insurance. The standards of care may be much lower than with the NHS. It also won't cover the costs of repatriation.

The majority of insurers in the market use medical screening software called Healix, although a number use a different package called Protectif. The screening will ask questions about your condition and treatment to arrive at a 'medical score' before offering a premium cost for the travel insurance. As the two screening methods are slightly different it can be worthwhile getting quotes from a range of insurers that use different screening software.

Chris Rolland, chief executive at specialist insurer AllClear, says: "Declare everything. You will be asked to provide answers to set questions relating to each medical condition to ensure the insurer gets the information it needs to offer appropriate cover."

Using a broker can be helpful as it will look across a broad spectrum of providers to find you the best cover and price for your needs. The British Insurance Brokers' Association (BIBA) website at biba. org.uk can help you find one.

For most people with cancer and serious pre-existing conditions, and even those with a terminal diagnosis, it should be possible to find cover at a reasonable cost, although in some circumstances specific and tailored underwriting may be necessary.

Fi Munro, 33, from Errol, Perthshire, was diagnosed with stage-4b ovarian cancer in January 2016. She has since written a book How Long Have I Got?, set up an award-winning blog - Live Like You are Dying - and started her own businesses teaching yoga and meditation.

Fi says: "After the diagnosis I just wanted to live my life in the way I wanted and without barriers. I love to travel, but looking around for insurance that would cover me and my cancer was so difficult.

"A medical professional recommended that I speak to Insurancewith,” she adds. “I just couldn't believe the difference in its approach - and also the cost. It was so much cheaper than the mainstream brands that I'd previously been looking at."

Fi takes out single-trip cover for each holiday. Cover for her and her husband, Ewan, for a two-week trip to France in April cost ?85, for example. It is a stark contrast to the hundreds of pounds she could be charged with less specialist insurers. According to experts, it is a good idea to take out joint cover with the same insurer, even where one person in a couple does not have any preexisting medical conditions. The cost should not be any higher.

Mr Williams at Free Spirit says: "There could be complications if you need to cancel your trip due to illness, but your partner's separate insurance won't cover the cancellation."

Insurer AllClear offers Travelling companion' cover for travellers who are insured with a different provider for cancellation or curtailment as a result of the pre-existing condition of their travelling companion under AllClear. Think about purchasing travel insurance even for trips booked in the UK - because cancellation is among the main reasons for claiming on a policy for those with medical conditions.

How to Keep Premiums Down Shop Around:
Do your research and speak to different specialist insurers. A broker should be able to scour the market to find different policies to suit your needs at a reasonable price. Opt for a larger excess: By agreeing to pay a higher excess - the first part of any insurance claim that you must pay - it may be possible to lower the premium. Book holidays closer to the time of travel: If you can reduce the risk of cancellation due to ill health and can exclude cancellation cover from your insurance this should bring the premium down.

Consider changing destination and reduce length of trip: Insurance for travel to some countries will be much more expensive, so if you have not yet booked your trip talk to insurers and find out where might be cheapest. Shorter trips mean a lower risk of a claim and will bring insurance costs down.

Most insurers will ask about any treatment or prescribed medication you have taken within the last two years, or if you have been an in-or outpatient at a hospital, clinic or GP in the same time frame. It means if you had cancer three years ago, for example, but you can answer 'no' to these questions you will not need to declare the cancer and your premium should be much lower.

Cost Was Greater but Reasonable
Many holidaymakers with pre-existing conditions decide to take a gamble and travel without insurance because they feel the premium cost is unaffordable. But this is a high-risk strategy.

John Carpenter was extremely glad he had taken out annual travel insurance when he was forced to cancel a cruise he had booked for his wife Linda's birthday last year, after a lump appeared in his neck and he needed urgent chemotherapy.

John, in his early-60s, had been diagnosed with lymphoma in 2016. At that time doctors advised him to wait and see because his symptoms did not warrant immediate treatment. John and Linda, who love to travel, continued to take many holidays each year - although, due to his cancer, John now took out cover with specialist insurer AllClear, rather than buying cover through his travel agent as he always had done in the past.

“At ?500 for annual worldwide cover my condition did mean a significant increase to the cost of cover," says John. "But I felt it was reasonable considering the cruise I had planned and that it included the US, renowned for its high medical costs."

The couple received a 25% refund on the cost of their ?3,000 holiday from the cruise company and luckily, the terms of AllClear's cover meant that they could reclaim the remainder on their insurance, minus the ?250 excess.

"We were sent an email confirming our claim had been successful within two days," says John, "and the payment was in my bank account within seven days of making the claim.”

John responded well to treatment and has stem cell therapy planned. He has been advised he is well enough to go on holiday before this treatment starts and AllClear has provided a new policy, taking into account his current medical situation. He has taken out a single trip policy for ?200 for a seven-night break to Turkey.
BY JO THORNHILL
Souce Moneywise

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Re: Country Fact around the world
« ตอบกลับ #5 เมื่อ: วันที่ 4 ธันวาคม 2024, 21:11:34 น. »
Mergers and Acquisitions of Companies
External development is a form of business growth that results from the acquisition , participation, association or control of a company, companies or assets of other companies, expanding their current businesses or entering new ones. The term used in business jargon is M&A, which comes from Mergers and Acquisitions.

The reasons for a company to decide on external development (mergers, acquisitions, alliances ...) compared to the internal one has its origin in different causes that we will comment on in this definition.

Reasons for mergers and acquisitions
We will highlight the economic and market power reasons.

1. Economic reasons
Cost reduction : Through economies of scale and / or economies of scope through the integration of two companies whose productive and commercial systems are complementary to each other, generating synergies.
Get new resources and capabilities by joining or acquiring another company.

Replacement of the management team : It usually happens that, when management is replaced, there is a greater increase in value.
Obtaining tax incentives that can increase the benefits of acquisitions and mergers, due to the existence of exemptions or bonuses.

2. Motives for market power
It may be the only way to enter an industry and / or a country , as it has strong entry barriers.
When mergers and acquisitions are horizontally integrated , an increase in the market power of the resulting company is sought and, consequently, a reduction in the level of competition in the industry
.
When mergers and acquisitions are vertically integrated, companies that operate at different stages of the production cycle are integrated , the objective is to immediately achieve the advantages of vertical integration , both backwards and forwards.

Types of external development
The types of external development are:
The merger of companies : Integration of two or more companies so that at least one of the originals disappears.

The acquisition of companies : Operation of purchase and sale of packages of shares between two companies, keeping the legal personality each of them.

Cooperation or alliances between companies : Intermediate formula, links and relationships are established between companies, without loss of legal personality of any of the participants, who maintain their legal and operational independence.

Depending on the type of relationship established between the companies, they can be classified into:

Horizontal: The companies are competitors among themselves and belong to the same industry.
Vertical: Companies are located in different phases of the complete cycle of exploitation of a product.
Conglomerates: Companies have very different activities from each other.

Types of mergers
They are unions between two or more companies, with the loss of legal personality of at least one participant.

1. Pure fusion
Two or more companies of an equivalent size, agree to join, creating a new company to which they contribute all their resources; dissolving the primitive companies. (A + B = C)

2. Merger by absorption
One of the companies involved (absorbed) disappears, integrating its assets into the absorbing company. The absorbing company (A) continues to exist, but accumulates to its equity the corresponding to the absorbed company (B).

3. Merger with Partial Contribution of Assets
A company (A) contributes only a part of its assets (a) together with the other company with which it merges (B), either to a new company (C) that is created in the merger agreement itself, or to another pre-existing society (B), which is thus increasing its size (B '); it is necessary that the company contributing assets (A) does not dissolve.

Business Acquisitions Financing
The participation or acquisition of companies takes place when a company buys part of the capital stock of another company, with the intention of totally or partially dominating it.

Acquisition or participation in companies will give rise to different levels or degrees of control depending on the percentage of share capital of the acquired company in its possession and according to the way in which the rest of the securities are distributed among the other shareholders: large packages of shares in the hands of very few individuals or a large number of shareholders with little individual participation.

The purchase of a company can be done through a conventional purchase-sale contract, but in recent decades, two financial formulas have been developed:

Purchase using financial leverage or Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) .
Public offer for the acquisition of shares (OPA).

1. Buying through financial leverage (LBO)
Buying through financial leverage (LBO) consists of financing a significant part of the acquisition price of a company through the use of debt.

This debt is secured, not only by the buyer's equity or creditworthiness, but also by the assets of the acquired company and its future cash flows. So after the acquisition, the debt ratio tends to reach very high values.

It may be the case that the purchase is made by the same managers of the company to be acquired. In this case we are facing a purchase by management or Management Buy-Out (MBO). The reason why they decide to launch an offer on the company they work for is to put the company in the right direction.

2. The public offer for the acquisition of shares (OPA)
The public offer for the acquisition of OPA shares occurs when a company makes an offer to purchase all or part of the capital stock to the shareholders of another listed company under certain conditions.



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Re: Country Fact around the world
« ตอบกลับ #7 เมื่อ: วันที่ 4 ธันวาคม 2024, 21:14:12 น. »
ขายการ์ตูนออนไลน์ หาแฟนอ่านการ์ตูนออนไลน์ หาแฟนอ่านการ์ตูน หาแฟนมังงะออนไลน์ หาแฟนอ่านมังงะออนไลน์ หาแฟน
วังวนปรารถนา หาแฟนขายการ์ตูนหมึกจีน หาแฟนPrincesssหมึกจีน หาแฟนการ์ตูนโรแมนติก หาแฟนการ์ตูนตาหวาน หาแฟน
การ์ตูนผู้หญิง หาแฟนการ์ตูนจบในตอน หาแฟนซีรีย์โรแมนติก หาแฟนโรแมนติกคลั่งรัก หาแฟนการ์ตูนนิยาย หาแฟน
นิยายคลั่งรัก หาแฟนซีรี่ย์คลั่งรรักฟินๆ หาแฟนการ์ตูนแนวหวานโรแมนติก หาแฟนโรแมนติกดราม่า หาแฟนโรแมนติกคอมมาดี้ หาแฟน
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นิยายรักหวาน หาแฟนนิยายพระเอกคลั่งรัก หาแฟนพระเอกนางเอกคลั่งรัก หาแฟนการ์ตูนตกหลุมรัก หาแฟนโรแมนติกรักหวานซึ้ง หาแฟน